Solaris 10 VM on QEMU running on a Ubuntu host
==============================================

- Login to the Ubuntu host and install QEMU:

root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# apt update -y
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# apt install -y gcc make ninja-build
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-7.2.0.tar.xz
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# tar xvf qemu-7.2.0.tar.xz
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# cd qemu-7.2.0/
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~/qemu-7.2.0# apt install libglib2.0-dev
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~/qemu-7.2.0# apt-get install -y libpixman-1-dev
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~/qemu-7.2.0# apt install ncurses-dev
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~/qemu-7.2.0# ./configure
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# make
root@ip-172-31-23-252:~# make install


- Setup Networking (tap2 will be the NIC of the Solaris VM):
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# ip tuntap add tap2 mode tap  &&  ip link set dev tap2 up


- Setup the host for routing (including Internet access from the Solaris VM). IP address 10.0.2.50 will be assigned to the Solaris VM.
NOTE: it might be better to put this in a start-up script so it "permanent".
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/tap2/proxy_arp
ip route add 10.0.2.50 dev tap2
arp -Ds 10.0.2.50 eth0 pub
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -I FORWARD 1 -i tap2 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD 1 -o tap2 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT


- Create VM disk:
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# mkdir -p /wip/sol10x86
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# cd /wip/sol10x86
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# qemu-img create -f qcow2 solaris-disk-amd64.img 10G

root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# wget https://ftp.deu.edu.tr/pub/Solaris/iso/Solaris-10,8_11/sol-10-u10-ga2-x86-dvd.iso

- Create and Start the VM booting from the DVD (QEMU launches a VNC server running on 127.0.0.1:5900 for example):
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# qemu-system-x86_64 -name s10qemu -m 4G -cdrom sol-10-u10-ga2-x86-dvd.iso -boot d -hda solaris-disk-amd64.img -net nic,model=e1000,macaddr=7a:30:2a:cd:d0:1c -net tap,script=no,ifname=tap2,downscript=no

- for Solaris 11, boot from CDROM ISO file sol-11_4-text-x86.iso instead of sol-10-u10-ga2-x86-dvd.iso
- use the MAC address of the tap2 NIC ("ip a") in the qemu-system-x86_64 command when starting the VM
- use putty to connect to the Ubuntu host while setting up tunnelling on 5900 (5900 on the Windows client tunneled to 127.0.0.1:5900 on the remote Ubuntu host)
- use real VNC (or tigerVNC) to connect to the VM's console and install solaris 10
- if setting up network, you MUST assign a gateway e.g., 10.0.2.254, otherwise networking doesn't work in the VM
- it will reboot to the install DVD. shutdown the VM ( e.g., CTRL+Z to kill the qemu-system-x86_64 process on the Ubuntu host). For Solaris 11, choose to halt the system at the end of the installation (instead of reboot) then shutdown the VM ( e.g., CTRL+Z to kill the qemu-system-x86_64 process on the Ubuntu host).

- boot VM from O/S disk with networking:
//root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# ip tuntap add tap2 mode tap  &&  ip link set dev tap2 up
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# qemu-system-x86_64 -name s10qemu -m 4G -hda solaris-disk-amd64.img -net nic,model=e1000,macaddr=7a:30:2a:cd:d0:1c -net tap,script=no,ifname=tap2,downscript=no

- Connect via VNC client, login to the GUI desktop (choose Java Desktop or CDE) with root and password supplied during install, 

- shutdown the system e.g., from the terminal (Applications > Utilities) run "shutdown -y -g0 -i0"

- take a snapshot of the O/S disk for backup purposes:
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b solaris-disk-amd64.img -F qcow2 solaris-disk-amd64.snap.img 5G

- boot VM from O/S disk with networking:
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip# qemu-system-x86_64 -name s10qemu -m 4G -hda solaris-disk-amd64.img -net nic,model=e1000,macaddr=7a:30:2a:cd:d0:1c -net tap,script=no,ifname=tap2,downscript=no
NOTE: add the --daemonize to detach the running VM from the host bash session. This is a good way to start the VM once you can access it via SSH.


- Disable the GUI/desktop (graphic environment) since I chose to manage the system remotely using SSH. Note that Solaris 11 boots to run-level 3 so no need to disable the desktop.
# svcadm disable cde-login   
(older Solaris version may use the command "/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d")

- Add a user for remote SSH connection (itababa/James007!)
# useradd itababa
# password itababa

- SSH connection from host to Solaris VM (can't use root by default unless you reconfigure SSHD on the Solaris to "PermitRootLogin")
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# ssh -oKexAlgorithms=+diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1  -o HostKeyAlgorithms=ssh-rsa itababa@10.0.2.50

- you can make the above connection options permanent by editing the SSH client configuration file on the host/client and adding a line to it such as the following. (Once done, you can connect to the Solaris VM with "ssh itababa@10.0.2.50" for example):
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# vi $HOME/.ssh/config
Host 10.0.2.50
    KexAlgorithms +diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
	HostKeyAlgorithms ssh-rsa



---------- IF YOU SETUP NETWORKING DURING INSTALL SKIP THIS SECTION ---------

- Configure the network interface e1000g0 (in Solaris 11, the interface is called net0 instead of e1000g0)

1. Edit /etc/hostname.e1000g0 and add the IP address and Netmask:
# echo "10.0.2.50 netmask 255.255.255.0" > /etc/hostname.e1000g0

2. Add the IP-address/hostname entry to file /etc/inet/hosts :
# echo "10.0.2.50 `hostname`" >> /etc/inet/hosts

3. Add the default router/gateway:
# echo "10.0.2.254" > /etc/defaultrouter

4. Bring up the NIC in the current running session:
# ifconfig e1000g0 plumb
# ifconfig e1000g0 10.0.2.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
# route add default 10.0.2.254 -ifp e1000g0

6. Configure DNS
# echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" >> /etc/resolv.conf
# vi /etc/nsswitch.conf  (change the line "hosts:     files" to "hosts:     files dns")

------ END OF NETWORKING SETUP IF YOU DIDN'T SETUP IT UP DURING INSTALL ------
========================================================================


Unable to successfully installing Solaris 10/11 SPARC:
- Solaris 10 boots but has no keyboard input so unable to actually install. Solaris 11 doesn't boot at all.

NOTE: For Solaris 11 x86, be sure to add a user account/password aside the root user during the installation as you can't login directly using the root account from the console. 

-------------------------------------------------------------------



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Some commands:

- to disable sound and set the language e.g., launch with:
LC_ALL=C QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none qemu-system-sparc -m 256 -cdrom ...

- to use terminal install, add the "-nographic" option which prevents QEMU from creating a VNC listener

- Create a snapshot of the AIX O/S disk for backup purposes:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b sol10hdisk.qcow2 -F qcow2 sol10hdisk.snap.qcow2 5G

- How to disable the graphic environment, this can be done with that command: "/usr/dt/bin/dtconfig -d" or better with latest Solaris 10: "svcadm disable cde-login".

- Halt the VM:  # shutdown -y -g0 -i0

Keyboard not working as expected in QEMU? When starting QEMU just pass these flags to give yourself a USB keyboard and mouse:
-usb -device usb-mouse -device usb-kbd  -device usb-tablet
You may also try the flag for some ppc/sparc (https://github.com/qemu/SLOF/issues/1 ):  -prom-env 'input-device=hvterm'


// qemu-system-arm -M overo -m 256 -sd ./test.img -clock unix -serial stdio -device usb-mouse -device usb-kbd
// -vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]


- remove a tap device from a master
root@ip-172-31-23-252:/wip/sol10x86# ip link set dev tap2 nomaster



Links:
https://archive.org/download/sunsolaris10operatingsystem1106x86sparc/SOL_10_1106_SPARC.mdf
https://www.oracle.com/solaris/solaris10/downloads/solaris10-get-jsp-downloads.html
Download Solaris 11:  http://ftp.escuelaing.edu.co/pub/Unix/Solaris/11/
Download Solaris 11:  http://ftp.escuelaing.edu.co/pub/Unix/Solaris/10/
http://ftp.escuelaing.edu.co/pub/Unix/Solaris/10/sol-10-u11-ga-x86-dvd.iso
http://ftp.escuelaing.edu.co/pub/Unix/Solaris/10/sol-10-u11-ga-sparc-dvd.iso
https://ftp.deu.edu.tr/pub/Solaris/iso/Solaris-10,8_11/
https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms/SPARC
https://helpmanual.io/help/qemu-system-sparc/
https://chrispinnock.com/stuff/emulation/running-solaris-in-vms/
https://learn.adafruit.com/build-your-own-sparc-with-qemu-and-solaris
Solaris 10 Network Config

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19665412/mouse-and-keyboard-not-working-in-qemu-emulator
https://download.oracle.com/technetwork/systems/opensparc/OpenSPARCT1_Arch.1.5.tar.bz2